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Comparison of Weights | Physical Properties of Selected Elements | Tank Make Up and Addition Liquids | Tank Makeup and Additions Dry Products | Electrochemical Equivalents



Comparison of Weights
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  troy grain troy dwt troy ounce troy pound avoir ounce avoir pound milligram gram kilogram
1 troy grain 1 0.041666 0.0020833 0.000173611 0.00228571 0.00014285 64.79897 0.06479897 0.000064798
1 troy dwt 24 1 0.05 0.0041666 0.0548571 0.0034285 1555.1754 1.5551754 0.001555175
1 troy ounce 480 20 1 0.08333333 1.0971428 0.0685714 31103.495 31.103495 0.03110349
1 troy pound 5760 240 12 1 13.165714 0.822857 373241.9478 373.2419478 0.37324194
1 avoir ounce 437.5 18.22917 0.911458 0.07595485 1 0.0625 28350 28.35 0.02835
1 avoir pound 7000 291.66666 14.583333 1.215277 16 1 453592.6449 453.5926449 0.45359264
1 milligram 0.015432349 0.00064301 0.00003215 2.6792E-06 0.00003527 0.0000022 1 0.001 0.000001
1 gram 15.432349 0.6430145 0.03215072 0.002679227 0.03527394 0.00220462 1000 1 0.001
1 kilogram 15432.349 643.0145 32.150727 2.67922725 3.527394 2.20462 1000000 1000 1


Physical Properties of Selected Elements
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Name Symbol Atomic Weight Standard State at 298° K (24.85° C) Metal Classification Color Density (kg m-3) Boiling Point (°C) Melting Point (°C) Electrical Resistitivy (/10-8 Ω m) Vickers Hardness (/MN m-2) Brinell Hardness (/MN m-2)
Aluminum Al 26.982 Solid Metal Silver 2700 2519 660.32 2.65 167 245
Antimony Sb 121.76 Solid Semi-Metal Silver Gray 6697 1587 630.63 40   294
Argon Ar 39.948 Gas Non-Metal None   -185.8 -189.3      
Arsenic As 74.922 Solid Semi-Metal Gray 5727 614 817 30   1440
Barium Ba 137.327 Solid Metal Silver White 3510 1870 727 35    
Beryllium Be 9.0122 Solid Metal Lead Gray 1848 2469 1287 4 1670 600
Bismuth Bi 208.98 Solid Metal Red White 9780 1564 271.3 130   94.2
Boron B 10.811 Solid Semi-Metal Black 2460 3927 2076 > 1012 49000  
Bromine Br 79.904 Liquid Non-Metal Metallic       > 1018    
Cadmium Cd 112.411 Solid Metal Silver Gray 8650 767 321.07 7   203
Calcium Ca 40.078 Solid Metal Silver White 1550 1484 842 3.4   167
Carbon C 12.011 Solid Non-Metal Black 2267 4027 3527 ~ 1000    
Chlorine Cl 35.453 Gas Non-Metal Yellow Green   -34.04 -101.5 > 1010    
Chromium Cr 51.996 Solid Metal Silver Metal 7140 2671 1907 12.7 1060 1120
Cobalt Co 58.9332 Solid Metal Metal Gray 8900 2927 1495 6 1043 700
Columbium (Niobium) Nb 92.9064 Solid Metal Metal Gray 8570 4744 2477 15 1320 736
Copper Cu 63.546 Solid Metal Copper 8920 2927 1084.62 1.7 369 874
Erbium Er 167.259 Solid Metal Silver White 9066 2868 1497 86 589 814
Fluorine F 18.9984 Gas Non-Metal Light Yellow   -188.12 -219.62      
Gallium Ga 69.723 Solid Metal Silver White 5904 2204 29.76 14   60
Germanium Ge 72.64 Solid Semi-Metal Gray White 5323     ~ 50000    
Gold Au 196.967 Solid Metal Gold 19300 2856 1064.18 2.2 216 2450
Helium He 4.003 Gas Non-Metal None   -268.93 -272.2      
Hydrogen H 1.008 Gas Non-Metal None   -252.87 -259.14      
Indium In 114.818 Solid Metal Silver Gray 7310 2072 156.6 8   8.83
Iodine I 126.904 Solid Non-Metal Purple to Dark Gray 4940 184.3 113.7 > 1015    
Iridium Ir 192.217 Solid Metal Silver White 22650     4.7 1760 1670
Iron Fe 55.845 Solid Metal Metal Gray 7874 2861 1538 9.7 608 490
Krypton Kr 83.798 Gas Non-Metal None   -153.22 -157.36      
Lanthanum La 138.906 Solid Metal Silver White 6146 3470 920 61 491 363
Lead Pb 207.2 Solid Metal Blue White 11340 1749 327.46 21   38.3
Lithium Li 6.941 Solid Metal Silver White 535 1342 180.54 9.4    
Magnesium Mg 24.305 Solid Metal Silver White 1738 1090 650 4.4   260
Manganese Mn 54.938 Solid Metal Metal Silver 7470 2061 1246 160   196
Mercury Hg 200.59 Liquid Metal Silver White   356.73 -38.83 96    
Molybdenum Mo 95.94 Solid Metal Metal Gray 10280 4639 2623 5 1530 1500
Neon Ne 20.18 Gas Non-Metal None   -246.08 -248.59      
Nickel Ni 58.693 Solid Metal Metal Silver 8908 2913 1455 7 638 700
Nitrogen N 14.007 Gas Non-Metal None   -195.79 -210.1      
Niobium (Columbium) Nb 92.9064 Solid Metal Metal Gray 8570 4744 2477 15 1320 736
Oxygen O 15.999 Gas Non-Metal None   -182.9 -218.3      
Palladium Pd 106.42 Solid Metal Silver White 12023 2963 1554.9 10 461 37.3
Phosphorus P 30.974 Solid Non-Metal Red to Silver White 1823 277 44.2 10    
Platinum Pt 195.078 Solid Metal Gray White 21090 3825 1768.3 10.6 549 392
Plutonium Pu 244 Solid Metal Silver White 19816 3230 639.4 150    
Polonium Po 209 Solid Metal Silver 9196 962 254 43    
Potassium Kr 39.098 Solid Metal Silver White 856 759 63.38 7   0.363
Praseodymium Pr 140.908 Solid Metal Silver White/Yellow 6640 3290 935 70 400 481
Promethium Pm 145 Solid Metal Metallic 7264 3000 1100 75    
Radium Ra 226 Solid Metal Metallic 5000 1737 700 100    
Radon Rn 222 Gas Non-Metal None   -61.7 -71      
Rhenium Re 186.207 Solid Metal Gray White 21020 5596 3186 18 2450 1320
Rhodium Rh 102.906 Solid Metal Silver White 12450 3695 1964 4.3 1246 1100
Rubidium Rb 85.468 Solid Metal Silver White 1532 688 39.31 12   0.216
Ruthenium Ru 101.07 Solid Metal Silver White 12370 4150 2334 7.1   2160
Samarium Sm 150.36 Solid Metal Silver White 7353 1803 1072 94 412 441
Scandium Sc 44.956 Solid Metal Silver White 2985 2830 1541 55   750
Selenium Se 78.96 Solid Non-Metal Metal Gray 4819 685 221     736
Silicon Si 28.086 Solid Semi-Metal Dark Gray/Blue 2330 2900 1414 ~ 100000    
Silver Ag 107.868 Solid Metal Metallic 10490 2162 961.78 1.6 254 24.5
Sodium Na 22.99 Solid Metal Silver White 968 883 97.72 4.7   0.69
Strontium Sr 87.62 Solid Metal Silver White 2630 1382 777 13    
Sulfur S 32.065 Solid Non-Metal Yellow 1960 444.72 115.21 > 1023    
Tantalum Ta 180.948 Solid Metal Gray Blue 16650 5458 3017 13 873 800
Tellurium Te 127.6 Solid Semi-Metal Silver White 6240 988 449.51 ~ 10000   180
Terbium Tb 158.925 Solid Metal Silver White 8219 3230 1356 120 863 677
Thallium Tl 204.383 Solid Metal Silver White 11850 1473 304 15   26.4
Thorium Th 232.038 Solid Metal Silver White 11724 4820 1842 15 350 400
Tin Sn 118.71 Solid Metal Silver Gray 7310 2602 231.93 11   51
Titanium Ti 47.867 Solid Metal Metal Silver 4507 3287 1668 40 970 716
Tungsten W 183.84 Solid Metal Gray White 19250 5555 3422 5 3430 2570
Uranium U 238.029 Solid Metal Metal Gray 19050 3927 1132.2 28 1960 2400
Vanadium V 50.942 Solid Metal Silver Gray 6110 3407 1910 20 628 628
Xenon Xe 131.293 Gas Non-Metal None   -108 -111.7      
Ytterbium Yb 173.04 Solid Metal Silver White 6570 1196 824 28 206 343
Yttrium Y 88.906 Solid Metal Silver White 4472 3336 1526 56   589
Zinc Zn 65.409 Solid Metal Light Gray/Blue 7140 907 419.53 5.9   412
Zirconium Zr 91.224 Solid Metal Silver White 6511 4409 1855 42 903 650


Tank Make Up and Addition Liquids
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Tank Size in Gallons
% by Volume 25 50 75 100 200 300 400 500 750 1000
0.1 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.75 1
0.2 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2
0.3 0.075 0.15 0.225 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.25 3
0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 3 4
0.5 0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3.75 5
1 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10
1.5 0.375 0.75 1.125 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 11.25 15
2 0.5 1 1.5 2 4 6 8 10 15 20
3 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 6 9 12 15 22.5 30
4 1 2 3 4 8 12 16 20 30 40
5 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 10 15 20 25 37.5 50
10 2.5 5 7.5 10 20 30 40 50 75 100
12.5 3.125 6.25 9.375 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 93.75 125
15 3.75 7.5 11.25 15 30 45 60 75 112.5 150
20 5 10 15 20 40 60 80 100 150 200
25 6.25 12.5 18.75 25 50 75 100 125 187.5 250
40 10 20 30 40 80 120 160 200 300 400
50 12.5 25 37.5 50 100 150 200 250 375 500


Tank Makeup and Addtions Dry Products
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Tank Size in Gallons
Oz/Gal 25 50 75 100 200 300 400 500 750 1000
0.5 0.78125 1.5625 2.34375 3.125 6.25 9.375 12.5 15.625 23.4375 31.25
1 1.5625 3.125 4.6875 6.25 12.5 18.75 25 31.25 46.875 62.5
1.5 2.34375 4.6875 7.03125 9.375 18.75 28.125 37.5 46.875 70.3125 93.75
2 3.125 6.25 9.375 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 93.75 125
2.5 3.90625 7.8125 11.71875 15.625 31.25 46.875 62.5 78.125 117.1875 156.25
3 4.6875 9.375 14.0625 18.75 37.5 56.25 75 93.75 140.625 187.5
3.5 5.46875 10.9375 16.40625 21.875 43.75 65.625 87.5 109.375 164.0625 218.75
4 6.25 12.5 18.75 25 50 75 100 125 187.5 250
4.5 7.03125 14.0625 21.09375 28.125 56.25 84.375 112.5 140.625 210.9375 281.25
5 7.8125 15.625 23.4375 31.25 62.5 93.75 125 156.25 234.375 312.5
5.5 8.59375 17.1875 25.78125 34.375 68.75 103.125 137.5 171.875 257.8125 343.75
6 9.375 18.75 28.125 37.5 75 112.5 150 187.5 281.25 375
6.5 10.15625 20.3125 30.46875 40.625 81.25 121.875 162.5 203.125 304.6875 406.25
7 10.9375 21.875 32.8125 43.75 87.5 131.25 175 218.75 328.125 437.5
7.5 11.71875 23.4375 35.15625 46.875 93.75 140.625 187.5 234.375 351.5625 468.75
8 12.5 25 37.5 50 100 150 200 250 375 500
8.5
 13.28125 26.5625 39.84375 53.125 106.25 159.375 212.5 265.625 398.4375 531.25
9 14.0625 28.125 42.1875 56.25 112.5 168.75 225 281.25 421.875 562.5
9.5 14.84375 29.6875 44.53125 59.375 118.75 178.125 237.5 296.875 445.3125 593.75
10 15.625 31.25 46.875 62.5 125 187.5 250 312.5 468.75 625
12 18.75 37.5 56.25 75 150 225 300 375 562.5 750
15 23.4375 46.875 70.3125 93.75 187.5 281.25 375 468.75 703.125 937.5
20 31.25 62.5 93.75 125 250 375 500 625 937.5 1250


Electrochemical Equivalents
(Assumes 100% Current Efficiency)
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Element Symbol Atomic Weight Specific Gravity Valence oz/Amp Hr g/Amp Hr lb/1000 Amp Hr oz/ft2 for 0.001 in Amp Hr to deposit 0.001 in/ft2
Aluminum Al 26.97 2.7 3 0.0118 0.3354 0.7394 0.225 19.05
Antimony Sb 121.76 6.68 5 0.032 0.9085 2.0028 0.557 17.4
      3 0.0535 1.5141 3.3380 0.557 10.4
Arsenic As 74.91 5.73 5 0.0197 0.5589 1.2322 0.475 24.1
      3 0.0328 0.9315 2.0536 0.475 14.5
Bismuth Bi 209.0 9.8 5 0.055 1.5594 3.4378 0.816 14.8
      3 0.0915 2.5990 5.7297 0.816 8.93
Cadmium Cd 112.4 8.64 2 0.074 2.097 4.6226 0.72 9.73
Chromium Cr 52.01 7.1 6 0.0114 0.323 0.7129 0.591 51.8
      3 0.0228 0.646 1.4258 0.591 25.9
Cobalt Co 58.94 8.9 2 0.0388 1.099 2.4236 0.74 19.0
Copper Cu 63.57 8.92 2 0.0418 1.186 2.6142 0.74 17.7
      1 0.0837 2.372 5.2283 0.74 8.84
Gallium Ga 69.72 5.9 3 0.0306 0.8670 1.9114 0.491 16.0
Germanium Ge 72.60 5.35 4 0.02388 0.6771 1.4928 0.445 18.6
      2 0.04776 1.3542 2.9855 0.445 9.31
Gold Au 197.2 19.3 3 0.0865 2.4522 5.406 1.61 18.6
      2 0.1297 3.6783 8.1094 1.61 12.4
      1 0.2595 7.3567 16.2187 1.61 6.2
Indium In 114.76 7.31 3 0.05033 1.4271 3.1461 0.608 12.1
Iridium Ir 193.1 22.42 4 0.06349 1.8001 3.9704 1.869 29.4
      3 0.08469 2.4012 5.2938 1.869 22.1
Iron Fe 55.84 7.9 2 0.0368 1.042 2.2963 0.66 17.9
Lead Pb 207.2 11.3 2 0.1362 3.865 8.5210 0.94 6.91
Manganese Mn 54.93 7.2 2 0.0362 1.0246 2.2588 0.598 16.5
Mercury Hg 200.61 13.55 2 0.1320 3.7420 8.2496 1.129 8.55
      1 0.2640 7.4839 16.4992 1.129 4.27
Nickel Ni 58.69 8.9 2 0.0386 1.095 2.4135 0.742 19.0
Palladium Pd 106.7 12.0 4 0.035 0.9951 2.1939 0.998 28.6
      3 0.0467 1.3268 2.9252 0.998 21.4
      2 0.0703 1.9903 4.3878 0.998 14.2
Platinum Pt 195.23 21.4 4 0.0645 1.8208 4.0142 1.78 27.6
      2 0.1284 3.6416 8.0283 1.78 13.85
Polonium Po 210 - 4 0.0691 1.958 4.318 - -
Rhodium Rh 102.9 12.5 4 0.0338 0.9598 2.1160 1.04 30.8
      3 0.0451 1.2797 2.8213 1.04 23.1
      2 0.0677 1.9196 4.2319 1.04 15.37
Rhenium Re 186.31 20.53 7 0.0350 0.9929 2.1890 1.710 48.8
Selenium Se 78.9 4.81 4 0.0260 0.7364 1.6235 0.400 15.4
Silver Ag 107.88 10.5 1 0.142 4.0245 8.8726 0.875 6.16
Tellurium Te 127.61 6.25 4 0.0420 1.1901 2.6238 0.520 12.4
      2 0.0840 2.3803 5.2476 0.520 6.19
Thallium Tl 204.39 11.85 1 0.2583 7.6249 16.8000 0.986 3.82
Tin Sn 118.7 7.3 4 0.039 1.1070 2.4406 0.61 15.63
      2 0.078 2.2141 4.8812 0.61 7.82
Zinc Zn 65.38 7.1 2 0.043 1.2195 2.6886 0.59 13.7


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